@article {1503070,
	title = {Near-Infrared Fluorescence Hydrogen Peroxide Assay for Versatile Metabolite Biosensing in Whole Blood},
	journal = {Small},
	volume = {16},
	number = {20},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 05},
	pages = {e2000369},
	abstract = {In emergency medicine, blood lactate levels are commonly measured to assess the severity and response to treatment of hypoperfusion-related diseases (e.g., sepsis, trauma, cardiac arrest). Clinical blood lactate testing is conducted with laboratory analyzers, leading to a delay of 3 h between triage and lactate result. Here, a fluorescence-based blood lactate assay, which can be utilized for bedside testing, based on measuring the hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzymatic oxidation of lactate is described. To establish a hydrogen peroxide assay, near-infrared cyanine derivatives are screened and sulfo-cyanine 7 is identified as a new horseradish peroxidase (HRP) substrate, which loses its fluorescence in presence of HRP and hydrogen peroxide. As hydrogen peroxide is rapidly cleared by erythrocytic catalase and glutathione peroxidase, sulfo-cyanine 7, HRP, and lactate oxidase are encapsulated in a liposomal reaction compartment. In lactate-spiked bovine whole blood, the newly developed lactate assay exhibits a linear response in a clinically relevant range after 10 min. Substituting lactate oxidase with glucose and alcohol oxidase allows for blood glucose, ethanol, and methanol biosensing, respectively. This easy-to-use, rapid, and versatile assay may be useful for the quantification of a variety of enzymatically oxidizable metabolites, drugs, and toxic substances in blood and potentially other biological fluids.},
	issn = {1613-6829},
	doi = {10.1002/smll.202000369},
	author = {Matoori, Simon and Mooney, David J}
}
