@article {1303720,
	title = {Scaffolds that mimic antigen-presenting cells enable ex vivo expansion of primary T cells},
	journal = {Nat Biotechnol},
	volume = {36},
	number = {2},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Feb},
	pages = {160-169},
	abstract = {Therapeutic ex vivo T-cell expansion is limited by low rates and T-cell products of limited functionality. Here we describe a system that mimics natural antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and consists of a fluid lipid bilayer supported by mesoporous silica micro-rods. The lipid bilayer presents membrane-bound cues for T-cell receptor stimulation and costimulation, while the micro-rods enable sustained release of soluble paracrine cues. Using anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and interleukin-2, we show that the APC-mimetic scaffolds (APC-ms) promote two- to tenfold greater polyclonal expansion of primary mouse and human T cells compared with commercial expansion beads (Dynabeads). The efficiency of expansion depends on the density of stimulatory cues and the amount of material in the starting culture. Following a single stimulation, APC-ms enables antigen-specific expansion of rare cytotoxic T-cell subpopulations at a greater magnitude than autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells after 2 weeks. APC-ms support over fivefold greater expansion of restimulated CD19 CAR-T cells than Dynabeads, with similar efficacy in a xenograft lymphoma model.},
	issn = {1546-1696},
	doi = {10.1038/nbt.4047},
	author = {Cheung, Alexander S and Zhang, David K Y and Koshy, Sandeep T and Mooney, David J}
}
