@article {1192131, title = {Effect of African-American Race on Tumor Recurrence After Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder}, journal = {Clin Genitourin Cancer}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Oct}, pages = {469-75}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: African-American race appears to be associated with higher stages of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) at presentation and poorer survival. However, the independent effect of African-American race on objective tumor recurrence after radical cystectomy (RC) after controlling for clinical and pathologic variables is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data from consecutive patients with UCB who underwent RC with curative intent at a single institution (University of Alabama, Birmingham) from 2001 to 2012 with or without perioperative chemotherapy or chemoradiation were reviewed. The patient demographics, risk factors, clinical course, pathologic characteristics, and long-term outcomes were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed. Cox regression analysis was performed for key clinical, demographic, and pathologic variables, including race, stratified as African American versus white. RESULTS: A total of 215 patients, 163 men (76\%) and 52 women (24\%), with a mean age at RC of 65.6 years, were identified and reviewed. A total of 186 patients (87\%) were white and 28 (13\%) were African American. The median follow-up period after RC was 17.6 months. On conventional multivariate analysis, African-American race nearly attained statistical significance (hazard ratio [HR], 2.48; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-6.29; P = .055). In a stepwise regression model, race was significantly associated with tumor recurrence (HR, 3.11; 95\% CI, 1.2-7.4; P < .011). CONCLUSION: African-American race appears to be independently associated with a greater risk of tumor recurrence after RC for UCB. The effect of host genetics on tumor biology needs to be characterized at the genomic level to develop precision medicine.}, keywords = {Adult, African Americans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cystectomy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Risk Factors, United States, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms}, issn = {1938-0682}, doi = {10.1016/j.clgc.2015.02.010}, author = {Paluri, Ravi K and Morgan, Charity J and Mooney, David J and Mgbemena, Okechukwu and Yang, Eddy S and Wei, Shi and Kouba, Erik and Naik, Gurudatta and El Mouallem, Nemer R and Poston, Tyler and Jones, Benjamin and Nix, Jeffrey and Bolger, Graeme B and Deshazo, Mollie and Sonpavde, Guru} }